Free course · 30 minutes · Bar staff
Cocktail foundations: specs, technique and speed
Seven classics every Irish bar should make properly, the three techniques, ice and dilution, and how to cost a list at 80% GP.

How it works. Read the lessons, take the quiz, print a certificate for your training file. Pass mark is 80%. Nothing is stored; the certificate is made on your screen.
Lessons
Three techniques, one rule
Stir drinks that are all spirit, liqueur and bitters (Old Fashioned, Negroni, Martini, Manhattan): 20–30 seconds over plenty of ice until the glass frosts. Shake anything with citrus, juice, egg white or dairy (Sours, Daiquiri, Margarita, Espresso Martini): 10–12 seconds, hard. Build highballs in the glass over ice. The rule: dilution is an ingredient. A properly stirred or shaken drink is about 20–25% water, and that is why it tastes right.
The seven specs
- Old Fashioned: 60ml whiskey, 5ml sugar syrup, 2 dashes Angostura; stir; rocks glass, large ice, orange peel.
- Negroni: 30 gin, 30 sweet vermouth, 30 Campari; stir; rocks, orange.
- Whiskey Sour: 60 whiskey, 30 lemon, 20 sugar syrup, optional 15 egg white or aquafaba; dry shake then shake; rocks or coupe.
- Daiquiri: 60 white rum, 25 lime, 15 sugar syrup; shake; coupe.
- Margarita: 50 tequila, 25 lime, 15 triple sec, 5 agave; shake; salt half the rim.
- Espresso Martini: 50 vodka, 25 coffee liqueur, 30 fresh espresso, 5 syrup; shake hard; coupe; three beans.
- Irish Coffee: see the whiskey course. The one Irish classic; make it properly or not at all.
Write the house spec on a card at the station. Consistency is the whole product.
Ice, glass, garnish
- Fresh ice from a clean machine, never ice that has sat in the well. One scoop for the shaker, fresh ice in the glass.
- Chill coupes and Martini glasses; a warm glass undoes a cold drink in a minute.
- Garnish is flavour: express the peel over the drink, then drop it in or discard. No garnish without a reason.
- Egg white: dry shake first, pasteurised carton egg white is safer and consistent; aquafaba works for vegan guests (9 Below built a reputation on it).
Speed on a busy bar
- Mise en place before service: syrups made, citrus juiced the same day, garnishes cut, glassware chilled, tins and strainers to hand.
- Batch the spirit and liqueur parts of your top three cocktails in labelled, dated bottles; add citrus and shake to order. Legal if poured from stamped measures into the batch and labelled.
- Take the full order, then make all drinks together: build highballs, start the stirred drink, shake last.
- Call the ticket back, serve, reset the station in ten seconds.
Costing the list
Cost every drink to the millilitre. Example: Negroni at 30/30/30 with gin at €0.045/ml, vermouth €0.020/ml, Campari €0.035/ml is €3.00 of liquid plus garnish and ice, call it €3.20. At €13.50 including 23% VAT the net price is €10.98 and GP is 70.9%; at €14.50 it is 72.9%. Most Dublin cocktail lists aim for 78–82% GP on the specs and lower on the signature drinks that bring people in. The drinks GP calculator does the sum for any serve.
Quiz
6 questions. Pick one answer each.
Sources and further reading
Courses are written by the Tap & Pass desk (Train the Trainer qualified) from the sources above and from the module structure of accredited Irish hospitality-management programmes. Training guidance, not legal advice. Part of the Certified Bar & Floor Professional syllabus.